?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? NiceNIC ?? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? NiceNIC? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? (DNS).

?????? ICANN: ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
NiceNIC ?? ???? ????? ?? ICANN ????? ???? ????? ICANN (?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????).
??? ????? ?????? ?????? (RAA) ????? ?? ICANN? ?? ???? ????? 3.18 ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? DNS. ???? ??? ??????????:

• ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????
• ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????
• ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? DNS
• ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????

?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ICANN ?????? ???? ???? ?????????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? DNS ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???:

1. ?????? ???????
2. ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????
3. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????
4. ????? ????? ????? (??? ?? ??? ???????? clientHold? ?? ??????? ???????)

???????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????.

???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? NiceNIC
????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????:
1. ??????? ??????? ??????
?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????:

• ????? ??????? (???? ???????? ??????? ?????? C2 ????? ?????????? ???)
• ???? ?????? ????????? ??????
• ???? ?????? (????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????)

???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????.

2. ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????:

• ???? ??? ???? ?????? (??? clientHold)
• ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????
• ????? ??????? ????????
• ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????

????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????.

3. ??????? ?????????
????? NiceNIC ??? ????? ????? ??:

• ??? ?????? ???? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ?????????
• ????? ???????
• ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????

???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

??????? ?????? ???????: NetBeacon ? NetCraft
?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????.
??????? ?? NetBeacon
?????? NiceNIC ?? NetBeacon? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? Public Interest Registry.
NetBeacon ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? DNS ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? NetBeacon:

• ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????
• ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
• ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????
• ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????

?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? NetBeacon? ???? NiceNIC ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????.

??????? ?? NetCraft
?????? NiceNIC ????? ?? Netcraft? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????.
????? NetCraft ??:

• ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????
• ????? ???? ??????? ?????
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????

?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? NiceNIC ?? ?????? ????? ??????? DNS ?? NiceNIC? ??? ????:

• ??? ????????
• ?????? ????
• ????? ??? ???????

???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????.

???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? DNS
?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ICANN? ???? NiceNIC ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? DNS? ??? ?? ???:

• ?????? ?????????
• ????? ????????? ???????
• ???? ???? ???? ?????????
• ??????? ????????? ??????? (Pharming)

?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???.
??? ??? ??????? — ??? ?????? ???????? — ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? NiceNIC? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????.

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????
????? NiceNIC ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????:

• ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
• ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????
• ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????
• ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????

???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????: ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
????? ???????? ????????:

• ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????
• ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????
• ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????
• ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????

???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????.

????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????
??? ???? ????? ???????? (DNS) ???? ?????? ?? ????????. ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.
?????? ????? ??????? NiceNIC ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ???:

• ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????
• ?????? ????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????
• ???????? ??????? ????????

?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

???????: ???? ?????? ???? ???????
????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? NiceNIC ???:

• ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ICANN
• ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
• ??????? ?? NetBeacon ? NetCraft
• ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????
• ??????? ??????? ??????

?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? NiceNIC ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????.
??? ??????? ??:

• ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
• ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
• ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????
• ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? DNS ?????

?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? NiceNIC ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????.