????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? (DNS) ? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? DNS ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? DNS ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????: ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??. ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????.

?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? DNS ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? DNS ?????? ???????.

?? ?? ????? DNS ???????

????? DNS ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? IP ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? DNS ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? DNS ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? DNS (???? ??????? ????? ??) ????? ????? ????????? DNS ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? ????? DNS ??????:

????? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????? DNS ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????.

????? ???? ?????? ???????: ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? DNS? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????.

????? ????? ????????: ???? ????? DNS ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???.

??? ???? ????? DNS ?????? ???????

?? ???? ????? DNS ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???. ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? DNS ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????. ????? ???? ??? ?????????:

1. ????? DNS ?????? ??? ????? ???????

??????? ????? ??????? ??? Google Chrome? Firefox? ?Safari ???? ????? DNS ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? DNS.

• ??? ????: ???? ??????? ????? IP ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????.

• ????? ??? ???: ??? ??? ?????? ????? DNS? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????.

2. ????? DNS ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? (OS)

????? ?? ?? Windows ?macOS (????? Linux) ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? DNS ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????.

• ??? ????: ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? IP ??????? ????? ????? (???? ???? TTL? ?? ??? ??????).

• ????? ??? ???: ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? DNS ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????.

3. ????? DNS ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????

???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? DNS ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? DNS ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????.

• ??? ????: ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? DNS ??????. ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? DNS ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? TTL.

• ????? ??? ???: ??? ??? ????? ????? DNS? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? DNS ?????????.

4. ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????

??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? DNS ??????:

• ???????? ?????????: ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? DNS ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????.

• ????? DNS ?????? ????????: ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? DNS ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? DNS ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? DNS ????????.

• ????? DNS ??????? ?????? ?????: ??? ??? ?????? ???? DNS ????? ???? ???? ??? OpenDNS ?? Quad9? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? DNS ?????? ?????? ???????.

?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? DNS? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ???? ????? DNS ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ?????:

• ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? DNS ?????? ????????.

• ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? DNS ??? ????? ?????? ???.

• ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????.

????? ?? ????? ????? ????? DNS ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????.

????? ?????: ??? ???? ?????? ????? DNS ??????

1. ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? DNS

??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? DNS? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????:

• ???????: ???? ????? DNS ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? chrome://net-internals/#dns (?? Chrome).

• ???? ???????: ?????? ????? ipconfig /flushdns (??????) ?? sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder (???) ???? ????? ???? ???????.

• ??????: ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? DNS ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? DNS ??????.

• ????? ????? DNS: ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? DNS ???? (??? Google DNS ?? Cloudflare DNS) ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??.

????? ?? ?????? ??????? DNS 24–48 ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????.

??? ??? ????? ?????? DNS ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? DNS ???? ???:

• Google DNS: 8.8.8.8 ? 8.8.4.4

• Cloudflare DNS: 1.1.1.1 ? 1.0.0.1

?????? ?? ???? ?????? DNS ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????.

??????? ????????: ????? ????? ??? ????? DNS ??????

?1: ????? ???? ????? DNS ??? ????? ???????

?: ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? (???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ???). ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????.

?2: ?? ?????? ???? ??? DNS?

?: ?? ?????? ??????? DNS ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????.

?4: ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????

?: ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? DNS ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????.

???????

????? DNS ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? DNS ??????: ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? DNS ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????.

Nicenic ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? DNS ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????.